JLPT N4 · Elementary

JLPT N4 Grammar List

116 points

JLPT N4 grammar question practice 65 tests · real exam questions N4 grammar flashcards 116 cards · forms & meanings

させる causative: make or let someone do something 8 ex.
られる passive and potential verb form, can do / be done 8 ex.
られる passive/potential form 8 ex.
よう appears to be; resembles; in the manner of 8 ex.
てある Something is in a completed or done state 8 ex.
おく Carry out an action beforehand or leave it done 8 ex.
しまう to do something fully, or to one's regret 8 ex.
みる Give an action a try 8 ex.
あげる Perform an action for another person's benefit 8 ex.
呉れる・くれる performs an action for the speaker's benefit 8 ex.
もらう receive something from someone; have someone do something for you 8 ex.
となる turn into; when it comes to (na-adj/noun) 8 ex.
から used to state a reason, meaning because or so 8 ex.
のだ Gives an explanatory tone 8 ex.
難い・にくい Difficult to do 8 ex.
ように In order to; as if, like 8 ex.
ほうがいい advises that something is the better choice; ought to; would be wise to 8 ex.
という introduces quoted content, meaning to say or called 8 ex.
呉れる・くれる to hand or do something for the speaker's benefit 8 ex.
終わる・おわる To complete an action; to bring something to an end 8 ex.
のに in spite of the fact that; although; used for something contrary to expectation 8 ex.
ても regardless of whether something happens; even supposing 8 ex.
が However; used to link clauses in formal speech 8 ex.
易い・やすい Prone to, liable to, easily done 8 ex.
ながら During the time that something else is happening 8 ex.
まま in its current state; while things stay unchanged 8 ex.
たら used for 'if' or 'when' conditions 8 ex.
なら conditional 'if' 8 ex.
ば if; conditional marker 8 ex.
と if/when something happens, leading to an expected outcome 8 ex.
為（に）・ため（に） In order to; for the sake of 8 ex.
に Attaches to a verb to show the aim of going or coming somewhere 8 ex.
ことが出来る・できる To be capable of doing something; to have the ability 8 ex.
られる able to do something (potential form) 8 ex.
ことがある Has the experience of having done something at least once 8 ex.
ばかり having just done something 8 ex.
ところだ On the verge of; finished just now; in the middle of 8 ex.
ないで Not doing something; a request or command not to do 8 ex.
なければならない obligation to do something; required to 8 ex.
そうだ reportedly; from what I hear 8 ex.
って Informal way of quoting speech or thoughts 8 ex.
そうだ Appears to be; seems that way (used in replies) 8 ex.
ようだ Appears to be; gives the impression of 8 ex.
らしい It seems; apparently so 8 ex.
もらう Get something from someone; have a person do something for you 8 ex.
過ぎる・すぎる To an excessive degree; more than is good or needed 8 ex.
始める・はじめる Start doing; take up 8 ex.
行く・いく keep going, carry on 8 ex.
かもしれない might; possibly; perhaps 8 ex.
だろう Likely so; I suppose 8 ex.
つもり Intend to; plan to 8 ex.
だけ merely; nothing more than; as much as possible 8 ex.
だけで(は)なく(も) not limited to one thing; something else is also true 8 ex.
はず Speaker's natural assumption; something ought to be so 8 ex.
ほど to the degree or extent of; roughly, about 8 ex.
ばよかった regret over the past; I wish I had (done something) 8 ex.
なくて Negative te-form used to give a cause or reason 8 ex.
なくなる Comes to an end / ceases to occur 8 ex.
までに no later than a set time or deadline 8 ex.
ごとに each time, at every interval 8 ex.
出す・だす To start doing something suddenly or without warning 8 ex.
代わりに・かわりに in place of; as a substitute for; alternatively 8 ex.
がる Display outward signs of another person's emotions or wants 8 ex.
ことになる It has been decided that; it turns out that 8 ex.
ことにする to make the decision to do something 8 ex.
ことがある Occasionally; there are occasions when something happens 8 ex.
欲しい・ほしい Want someone to do something 8 ex.
のはだ emphasizes a clause, meaning it is ~ that ~ 8 ex.
はいけない Not allowed; must not do 8 ex.
ようになる Gradually reach the stage where something becomes possible 8 ex.
でも Even; even when; or something like that; or whatever 8 ex.
自分・じぶん oneself, when identifying with the sentence's subject 8 ex.
自分・じぶん oneself, as opposed to other people 8 ex.
聞こえる・きこえる Is able to be heard; sounds a certain way 8 ex.
見える・みえる is visible / can be seen 8 ex.
に違いない・にちがいない certainly is; must be the case 8 ex.
おになる Respectful (honorific) way of phrasing an action 8 ex.
おする Respectful humble way of saying する 8 ex.
せっかく having gone to the trouble; now that the chance is here 8 ex.
し And; also; in addition (giving reasons) 8 ex.
それで So; for that reason; that's why 8 ex.
それとも Or; or else, when offering an alternative 8 ex.
すると At that point; right after doing so; upon attempting 8 ex.
堪らない・たまらない Unable to endure; overwhelmingly intense 8 ex.
たらどうですか Why not do ~?; how about doing ~? 8 ex.
ように言う Tell or ask someone to do something 3 ex.
ようにする Make an effort to do; aim to do 8 ex.
ようと思う am considering doing; have the intention to 8 ex.
ずつ apiece; per instance; bit by bit 8 ex.
君・くん Suffix for addressing a male peer or someone younger 8 ex.
様・さま Mr.; Ms.; Mrs. (honorific name suffix) 8 ex.
知る・しる Come to know; discover; gain knowledge of 8 ex.
それでは in that case; well then; so 8 ex.
それなら In that case; if that is so 8 ex.
する To smell; to hear; to sense (through the senses) 8 ex.
する To carry out an action; to do something 8 ex.
って Casual spoken quotation marker meaning 'that' 8 ex.
わ Sentence-final particle adding a gentle emphatic tone, used by women 8 ex.
はだ States that someone or something is ~, by marking the topic and giving it a predicate 8 ex.
はが Marks a topic that is also the subject, used for states outside one's control 8 ex.
より from; within; ahead of a spatial or temporal reference point 8 ex.
すぐ At once; without delay; before long 8 ex.
だけで Just by doing; not only, but also; suffices with ~ alone 8 ex.
だが however; nevertheless (formal, written style) 8 ex.
また once more; in addition; likewise; not ~ either; and; or 8 ex.
あとで later on; afterwards; after (a time or event) 8 ex.
こと Used to give advice meaning should 8 ex.
ようだ Seems to be; gives the appearance of 8 ex.
かな expresses wondering to oneself; musing whether something is the case 8 ex.
なさい A polite or firm way to give a command 8 ex.
か(どうか) whether or not; if 8 ex.
かい Informal particle making a yes/no question 8 ex.
ように In the manner of; resembling (adverbial use of ようだ) 8 ex.
かしら expresses wondering; used in women's language 8 ex.
それに Furthermore; on top of that 8 ex.
とか Used for listing items; or; something like that 8 ex.

Study guide

Turn the N4 grammar list into practice

Read the words before and after a pattern. Verb forms and the relationship between clauses often decide whether a pattern fits.

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